Nestled in the southern region of Sri Lanka, Udawalawe National Park is a sanctuary renowned for its rich biodiversity and picturesque landscapes. Established on June 30, 1972, the park spans approximately 308 square kilometers, encompassing the expansive Udawalawe Reservoir on the Walawe River. This reservoir not only adds to the park's scenic beauty but also serves as a vital water source for the myriad of wildlife that inhabits the area.
One of the park's most compelling attractions is its substantial elephant population. Home to around 500 to 600 Sri Lankan elephants, Udawalawe offers visitors a remarkable opportunity to observe these majestic creatures in their natural habitat. The chances of encountering elephants here are exceptionally high, especially during the afternoons near the riverbanks or the reservoir shores. For those interested in conservation efforts, the Elephant Transit Home, located on the southeastern shore of the reservoir, is a must-visit. This facility rehabilitates orphaned elephant calves with the goal of releasing them back into the wild, providing a heartwarming glimpse into the park's dedication to wildlife preservation.
Beyond elephants, Udawalawe National Park boasts a rich tapestry of fauna. Visitors can expect to see water buffalo, sambar deer, spotted deer, and the endemic Sri Lankan giant squirrel. The park is also a haven for bird enthusiasts, with species such as the white-bellied sea eagle, peacocks, various parrots, herons, and the red-faced malkoha gracing the skies and treetops. Reptilian residents include marsh crocodiles and water monitors, adding to the park's ecological diversity.
The park's flora is equally captivating. The landscape is predominantly composed of grasslands and scrublands, interspersed with forested areas. The presence of the Udawalawe Reservoir has fostered a unique ecosystem where aquatic plants thrive, supporting the diverse wildlife that depends on these habitats.
Udawalawe's location between Sri Lanka's wet and dry zones results in a unique climate. The park experiences an annual rainfall of approximately 1,500 mm, primarily during October to January and March to May. The average temperature hovers around 27C, with relative humidity ranging from 70% to 83%. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from April/May to August/September, when wildlife sightings are more frequent, and the terrain is more accessible. Notably, Udawalawe is less crowded than the nearby Yala National Park, offering a more serene wildlife experience.
For those wishing to extend their stay, the park offers several picturesque campsites, including Pranshadara, Pilima Ath Dara, Alimankada, and Kaudula Ara. These sites provide an immersive experience, allowing visitors to camp amidst nature and observe wildlife up close. Alimankada Camp, situated along the Walawe River, is particularly notable as it's a common crossing point for elephants.Additionally, there are various bungalows and hotels in proximity to the park. Options range from the riverside Kalu's Hideaway to the elegant four-star Thuduwa Camp, located 12 km southwest of the park. The Udawalawe Ayurvedic Resort on Lake Kiriibban offers a blend of comfort and traditional wellness practices, enhancing the overall visitor experience.
Beyond the park's boundaries, several attractions merit exploration:
In summary, Udawalawe National Park stands as a testament to Sri Lanka's commitment to preserving its natural heritage. Whether you're a wildlife enthusiast, a nature lover, or someone seeking tranquility away from urban life, the park promises an unforgettable experience amidst the wild beauty of Sri Lanka.
